J/ApJ/837/120 Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) revisited (Graur+, 2017) ================================================================================ LOSS revisited. I. Unraveling correlations between supernova rates and galaxy properties, as measured in a reanalysis of the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. Graur O., Bianco F.B., Huang S., Modjaz M., Shivvers I., Filippenko A.V., Li W., Eldridge J.J. =2017ApJ...837..120G ================================================================================ ADC_Keywords: Supernovae ; Surveys ; Galaxies, spectra ; Redshifts ; Stars, masses Keywords: catalogs ; galaxies: fundamental parameters ; supernovae: general ; surveys Abstract: Most types of supernovae (SNe) have yet to be connected with their progenitor stellar systems. Here, we reanalyze the 10-year SN sample collected during 1998-2008 by the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS; see Leaman+, 2011, J/MNRAS/412/1419) in order to constrain the progenitors of SNe Ia and stripped-envelope SNe (SE SNe, i.e., SNe IIb, Ib, Ic, and broad-lined Ic). We matched the LOSS galaxy sample with spectroscopy from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and measured SN rates as a function of galaxy stellar mass, specific star formation rate, and oxygen abundance (metallicity). We find significant correlations between the SN rates and all three galaxy properties. The SN Ia correlations are consistent with other measurements, as well as with our previous explanation of these measurements in the form of a combination of the SN Ia delay-time distribution and the correlation between galaxy mass and age. The ratio between the SE SN and SN II rates declines significantly in low-mass galaxies. This rules out single stars as SE SN progenitors, and is consistent with predictions from binary-system progenitor models. Using well-known galaxy scaling relations, any correlation between the rates and one of the galaxy properties examined here can be expressed as a correlation with the other two. These redundant correlations preclude us from establishing causality-that is, from ascertaining which of the galaxy properties (or their combination) is the physical driver for the difference between the SE SN and SN II rates. We outline several methods that have the potential to overcome this problem in future works. File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file table2.dat 176 14882 Galaxy properties and SN control times table4a.dat 73 341 Specific SN rates for SN Ia as a function of galaxy stellar mass, measured with a sliding bin table4b.dat 73 169 Specific SN rates for stripped-envelope SN as a function of galaxy stellar mass, measured with a sliding bin table4c.dat 73 393 Specific SN rates for SN II as a function of galaxy stellar mass, measured with a sliding bin table4d.dat 73 340 Specific SN Ia rates as a function of galaxy stellar mass, measured with a sliding bin, using E-Scd galaxies table4e.dat 73 139 Specific SN rates for stripped-envelope SN as a function of galaxy stellar mass, measured with a sliding bin, using Sab-Scd galaxies table4f.dat 73 372 Specific SN II rates as a function of galaxy stellar mass, measured with a sliding bin, using Sab-Scd galaxies -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: B/sn : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-) J/ApJS/178/247 : H{alpha} and [NII] survey in local 11 Mpc (Kennicutt+, 2008) J/ApJ/673/999 : Supernova and host galaxies metallicities (Prieto+, 2008) J/ApJ/695/580 : Oxygen abundance in M83 (Bresolin+, 2009) J/ApJ/703/517 : The Spitzer Local Volume Legacy: IR photometry (Dale+, 2009) J/ApJ/717/342 : Type Ibc SNe in disturbed galaxies (Habergham+, 2010) J/ApJS/190/418 : Light curves for 165 SNe (Ganeshalingam+, 2010) J/ApJ/741/97 : Light curves of Ibc supernovae (Drout+, 2011) J/MNRAS/417/916 : Supernovae in the Subaru Deep Field (Graur+, 2011) J/MNRAS/412/1419 : Nearby supernova rates (LOSS) (Leaman+, 2011) J/MNRAS/412/1441 : SNe luminosity functions (Li+, 2011) J/A+A/544/A81 : Supernovae and their hosts in the SDSS DR8 (Hakobyan+, 2012) J/AJ/143/133 : Dwarf galaxies from the ALFALFA survey (Huang+, 2012) J/ApJ/759/107 : Core-collapse SNe and host galaxies (Kelly+, 2012) J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012) J/A+A/546/A2 : Spectrosc. of HII regions in nearby gal. (Sanchez+, 2012) J/ApJ/755/61 : SN Ia host galaxies SFR from SDSS-II (Smith+, 2012) J/ApJ/765/140 : Stacked spectra of SDSS star forming gal. (Andrews+, 2013) J/MNRAS/436/774 : Core collapse supernovae (type Ibc) (Eldridge+, 2013) J/MNRAS/430/1746 : 90 new SNIa from SDSS DR7 (Graur+, 2013) J/A+A/558/A131 : Model spectra of hot stars at the pre-SN stage (Groh+, 2013) J/A+A/559/A114 : Updated O3N2 and N2 abundance indicators (Marino+, 2013) J/MNRAS/439/354 : Sources around Tycho's Supernova 1572 (Bedin+, 2014) J/MNRAS/444/2428 : Disturbance levels of SNe host galaxies (Hakobyan+, 2014) J/AJ/147/99 : Spectroscopy of stripped core-collapse SNe (Modjaz+, 2014) J/AJ/148/13 : Redshifts of 65 CANDELS supernovae (Rodney+, 2014) J/MNRAS/450/905 : New SNe in SDSS DR9 (Graur+, 2015) J/ApJ/825/L22 : BVRI LCs of type Ib supernova iPTF13bvn (Folatelli+, 2016) J/ApJ/827/90 : Spectroscopy of SNe Ib, IIb and Ic (Liu+, 2016) J/ApJ/830/13 : Host-galaxy NUV-NIR data of superluminous SN (Perley+, 2016) http://www.nsatlas.org/ : NASA-Sloan Atlas home page http://www.sdss.org/ : SDSS home page Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 21 A21 --- Gal LOSS Galaxy Host name 23- 23 I1 --- f_Gal [0/1] Full-optimal sample? (1) 25- 25 I1 --- NIa [0/3] Number of Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia) in each galaxy 27- 27 I1 --- NSE [0/3] Number of stripped-envelope (SE) SNe in each galaxy 29- 29 I1 --- NII [0/2] Number of Type II SNe (SNe II) in each galaxy 31- 36 F6.3 yr tcIa [0/10.1] Control time for SNe Ia 38- 42 F5.3 yr tcSE [0/9.8] Control time for SE SNe 44- 49 F6.3 yr tcII [0/10.1] Control time for SNe II 51- 58 F8.4 10+10Msun LMass [0.0001/282]?=0 Galaxy stellar mass measured by Li+ (2011, J/MNRAS/412/1441) from the B- and K-band luminosities 60- 66 F7.4 10+10Lsun L(B) [0.0001/49]?=0 B-band luminosity 68- 75 F8.4 10+10Lsun L(K) [0.0001/210]?=0 K-band luminosity 77- 82 F6.2 Mpc Dist [0.09/206] Distance to galaxy 84- 86 A3 --- TT Hubble type of galaxy, according to the system adopted by Leaman+ (2011, J/MNRAS/412/1419) 88- 95 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension of galaxy (J2000) 97-104 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination of galaxy (J2000) 106-109 I4 --- Plate ? SDSS plate 111-115 I5 --- MJD [51608/54592]? SDSS Modified Julian Date 117-119 I3 --- Fiber ? SDSS fiber ID 121-127 F7.4 --- zsp [-0.0006/0.6]? Galaxy redshift, measured from the SDSS spectrum 129-135 F7.4 10+10Msun MMass [0/46.3]? Galaxy stellar mass measured by the SDSS MPA-JHU Galspec pipeline 137-143 F7.4 Msun/yr MSFR [0/70.7]? Galaxy star-formation rate measured by the SDSS MPA-JHU Galspec pipeline 145-153 F9.4 10-10/yr MsSFR [0.0003/6062]? Galaxy specific star-formation rate measured by the SDSS MPA-JHU Galspec pipeline 155-160 F6.4 --- [O/H] [7.8/9.4]? Galaxy oxygen abundance 12+log(O/H) measured by the SDSS MPA-JHU Galspec pipeline (Tremonti+ 2004ApJ...613..898T scale) 162-168 F7.4 10+10Msun NMass [0/87.1]? Galaxy stellar mass measured from NASA-Sloan Atlas Petrosian photometry 170-176 F7.4 10-10/yr NsSFR [0/98.7]? Galaxy specific star-formation rate measured from NASA-Sloan Atlas Sersic photometry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): Whether galaxy belongs to the LOSS "full-optimal" (fo) subsample used to measure SN rates here and by Li+ (L11; 2011MNRAS.412.1473L) (1=yes, 0=no). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4[a-f].dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 10 E10.5 Msun Mass50 Stellar mass of galaxies in bin, median 12- 21 E10.5 Msun Mass16 Stellar mass of galaxies in bin, 16th percentile 23- 32 E10.5 Msun Mass84 Stellar mass of galaxies in bin, 84th percentile 34- 42 F9.6 10-12Msun/yr SNR50 [0.01/13.7] SN rate, median (1) 44- 53 F10.7 10-12Msun/yr SNR16 SN rate, 16th percentile (1) 55- 64 F10.7 10-12Msun/yr SNR84 SN rate, 84th percentile (1) 66- 68 I3 -- Nsn [1/116] Number of SNe Ia in bin 70- 73 I4 -- Ngal [9/4200] Number of galaxies in bin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): Table 4a: Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rates measured with a sliding bin, using all galaxy types Table 4b: Stripped-envelope supernova (SE SN) rates measured with a sliding bin, using all galaxy types Table 4c: Type II supernova (SN II) rates measured with a sliding bin, using all galaxy types Table 4d: Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rates measured with a sliding bin, using E-Scd galaxy types Table 4e: Stripped-envelope supernova (SE SN) rates measured with a sliding bin, using Sab-Scd galaxy type Table 4f: Type II supernova (SN II) rates measured with a sliding bin, using Sab-Scd galaxy type -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- History: From electronic version of the journal References: Graur et al. Paper II. 2017ApJ...837..121G ================================================================================ (End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 23-Oct-2017